Submissions

Author Guidelines

Authors are invited to make a submission to this journal. All submissions will be assessed by an editor to determine whether they meet the aims and scope of this journal. Those considered to be a good fit will be sent for peer review before determining whether they will be accepted or rejected.

Before making a submission, authors are responsible for obtaining permission to publish any material included with the submission, such as photos, documents and datasets. All authors identified on the submission must consent to be identified as an author. Where appropriate, research should be approved by an appropriate ethics committee in accordance with the legal requirements of the study's country.

An editor may desk reject a submission if it does not meet minimum standards of quality. Before submitting, please ensure that the study design and research argument are structured and articulated properly. The title should be concise and the abstract should be able to stand on its own. This will increase the likelihood of reviewers agreeing to review the paper. When you're satisfied that your submission meets this standard, please follow the checklist below to prepare your submission.

Writing and Formatting: 

Title
The title should be succinct and direct, avoiding implied or redundant terminology. Where feasible, it should reflect the core finding or principal conclusion of the manuscript. Abbreviations should not be used in the title. Creative or witty titles are permitted if used appropriately and relevantly. However, authors should assess whether a provocative title may be misinterpreted as insensitive or alarming. In such cases, the editorial board reserves the right to amend or replace the title.

Authors are advised to avoid the following:

• Titles phrased solely as questions, especially if the answer is not implied.
• Unassertive or vague titles, such as those beginning with: "Towards...", "A description of...", "A characterization of...", or "Preliminary study on..."
• Ambiguous titles such as "Role of...", "Link between...", or "Effect of..." that fail to clearly define the role, connection, or consequence.
• Misplaced terms, including broad taxonomic references unrelated to the species name under discussion.

Abstract

The abstract serves as an introductory overview that clearly communicates the significance and conceptual contribution of the work to a diverse scholarly audience. The abstract should be limited to a single paragraph and is recommended to follow a structured format, such as the IMRAD (Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion) model. Authors should adhere to the structural guidelines provided by the specific article type and the journal to which the manuscript is submitted. Abbreviations should be used sparingly, and the abstract must not include references, figures, or tables.

For clinical trial manuscripts, please provide the trial’s unique identifier and the URL of the publicly accessible registry where the trial is listed.

Keywords
Include 4–5 relevant terms in alphabetical order that reflect the article’s content.

Manuscript length

We recommend that you follow the article word count listed on the journal's 'Article Type' page closely. Manuscript length is 5000 - 8000 words covering the main body of the text and excluding the abstract, section titles, figure and table captions, funding statements, acknowledgements, and references in the bibliography.

Manuscript Sections

Manuscripts should be structured using section headings and subheadings appropriate to the field of study and nature of the research. Authors may use up to five levels of heading within the manuscript (e.g., 3.2.2.1.2 Subsection Title).

For Original Research articles, it is recommended that manuscripts be organized into the following main sections or equivalent forms suited to the discipline:

Introduction   
Presented concisely and without any subheadings.

Methods   
This section may include subheadings and should provide enough detail to allow replication of the methods, when read alongside the cited references. For studies involving human or animal subjects, an ethics approval statement must be included in this section.

Results   
This section may be subdivided using subheadings as appropriate.

Discussion    
This section may include subheadings. It should discuss the study’s key findings, relate them to prior research, and articulate how the results contribute to the current understanding of the subject. Authors are encouraged to outline possible limitations, offer thoughtful interpretations, explore future research directions, and propose testable theoretical frameworks.

Conclusion
Summarizes the main insights from the review and suggests directions for future research.

Acknowledgements (opsional)
For acknowledging non-substantive contributions or technical support.

References
Include only works cited in the manuscript. Follow the citation style specified by the journal.  Authors are encouraged to use online reference tools in preparing their manuscripts. Some useful sources include Zotero, and Mendeley.

• Citations from non-academic and non-peer-reviewed sources (e.g. blog posts, website content), as well as anonymous sources or commercial websites should be avoided or limited to a minimum
• Authors should avoid citing content that is not directly relevant to the scope of the article and the journal
• The reference list should reflect the current state of knowledge in the field, avoid bias, and should not include a preponderance of citations from the same author or source, school of thought, etc.
• The length of the reference list should be appropriate depending on the type of article, covering relevant literature through adequate referencing
• Authors should ensure that references are accurate, that all links are accessible, and that citations/references adhere to the referencing style outlined below

Figures, tables, and images: rights and permissions
All figures, tables, and images will be published under a Creative Commons CC-BY license, and permission must be obtained for use of copyrighted material from other sources (including re-published/adapted/modified/partial figures and images from the internet). It is the responsibility of the authors to acquire the licenses, follow any citation instructions requested by third-party rights holders, and cover any supplementary charges.

Table requirements
Tables should be inserted at the end of the manuscript in an editable format. If you use a word processor, build your table in Word. If you use a LaTeX processor, build your table in LaTeX. An empty line should be left before and after the table.

• Table captions must be placed immediately before the table. Captions should be preceded by the appropriate label, for example 'Table 1.' Please use only a single paragraph for the caption.
• Ensure that each table is mentioned in the text and in numerical order.
• Large tables covering several pages cannot be included in the final PDF for formatting reasons. These tables will be published as supplementary material.
• Tables which are not according to the above guidelines will cause substantial delay during the production process.

Language style
The default style is American English. If you prefer your article to be formatted in British English, please specify this on the first page of your manuscript. For any questions about style, we encourage authors to refer to the Garamond of Style.